— With the advance of knowledge of neuroscience and the workings of the mind, there are opportunities to combine the best of technology and research on the brain and resilience to take advantage of a fundamental paradigm shift in mental healthcare in the 21st century.
In a paper by Max Bertolero and Danielle Bassett in Scientific American in July 2019 titled, “How Matter Becomes Mind,” the authors reported that there is an overabundance of flexibility in how networks reconfigure themselves in the brain in people with schizophrenia. Auditory hallucinations may result when nodes unexpectedly switch links between speech and auditory modules, resulting in what seems to be voices in one’s head. These findings may become an important factor in understanding the origin and mechanisms of “hearing voices.”
Researchers have identified an autoantibody that appears to cause schizophrenia in some individuals, which was reported by Hiroki Shiwaku et al. on April 19, 2022, in Cell Reports Medicine. The authors stated that their findings may lead to important improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.
This research adds to the growing body of evidence to improve the lives of those with schizophrenia, but nothing adds more support and more impact than a new movement to shift mainstream psychiatric thinking away from medication and towards greater acceptance and respect, as noted by Daniel Bergner in his May 17, 2022 article in The New York Times “Doctors Gave Her Antipsychotics. She Decided to Live with Her Voices.”
The author’s narrative begins with a young child, Caroline Mazel-Carlton, when she was in daycare and started to hear voices. As she grew older into her diagnosis of schizophrenia, so did the mix of psychotropic pills, including antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, anti-depressants, benzodiazepines, and stimulants. These drugs caused untoward side effects, such as weight gain, a feeling of losing control of her forearms, quivering of extremities, loss of hair, isolation, and a feeling of barely being human. Eventually, Mazel-Carlton spent time on a psychiatric “farm” in Appalachia, where she flushed her pills down the toilet, and her health improved.
When Mazel-Carlton was in her mid-twenties, she became a peer-support specialist at an organization now called the Wildflower Alliance, and she started leading “Hearing Voices Network” support groups. Mazel-Carlton and the Alliance are now at the forefront of a growing effort to thoroughly reform how the field of mental health approaches severe psychiatric conditions, calling for the end of involuntary and coercive treatments.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is now challenging biological psychiatry’s authority and its expertise and insight into the psyche because the medical model leaves those with schizophrenia feeling overwhelmed, disempowered, hopeless, isolated, and stigmatized. At the Alliance, participants are encouraged to speak about the content of their voices so they can attribute meaning to them with people who have similar lived experiences, which is healing for them as humans.
In 2022 Levine, who wrote about how professionals in the medical model traumatize and retraumatize people, perverting healing. With such traumatization, a person feels disconnected from one’s own self, from others, and from other aspects of life, like living in a community.
To begin the healing process, Levine posited, one must reconnect and become more whole. This requires the stripping of power away from disconnecting violators, but the first step of stripping away only opens the door to healing and realizing the whole self. The good news, Levine stated, is that there are many reconnecting paths to wholeness and to healing.
Mind Over Mat
At the beginning of this chapter, we started out on a journey in 1997 from New Jersey to Pennsylvania, when I set out to present a workshop to high school wrestling coaches on peak performance conditioning titled, “Winning the Mental Battle within Your Self.” I encountered many adversities along the way but managed to wrestle through them.
At the time in 1997, neuroscientists had not yet made the discovery of the role of mirror neurons and how children mimic everything adults do, including learning how to smile, how to empathize, and how to wrestle. I taught and used the peak performance techniques I call mindful toughness skillsets and psychodynamically turned anxiety into scoring by mentally rehearsing and mentally recalling past successes to prepare for the workshop presentation.
Descartes hypothesized that the soul communicated with the brain through the pineal gland, a small, pea-shaped structure located near the center of the brain, but modern neuroscience has cast doubt on the idea that there is a single, special location in the brain where the mind interacts with it.
Yet, in contemporary society, we are still treating persons with schizophrenia and other conditions with psychotropic drugs that affect the physical body in such injurious ways, including their psyches and spirits, by demoralizing them, ostracizing them, and alienating them from society, without viewing them as human beings who have potential to learn and grow from their lived experiences and voices from within.
This was the case with Mazel-Carlton who saw a roller derby competition for the first time and decided to focus on training herself to become a high scorer on her team, regardless of her predilection for hearing voices that could have sabotaged her efforts. She set her goals, turned turmoil into determination to achieve success, and where mayhem existed, she marshaled and psychodynamically deployed it into winning. Just like Kurt Angle who won the Gold, Mazel-Carlton had an Expectant Mind. She expected to win, and she did while she wrestled through the adversity called schizophrenia.
The graphic of the “Highway to Success” is a symbolic representation of how I use a whole-brained approach when working with clients. It is based on the results of the split-brain procedure, where subjects’ brains—those with epilepsy—were severed into two parts, and the work of Roger Sperry (1959-1968) and his colleagues whom I learned about in a college course.
What the researchers determined was that the two hemispheres in the brain control vastly different aspects of thought and action, as reinforced by Michael Gazzaniga in his article “The Split Brain Revisited” in Scientific American in July 1998. The left brain is associated with the conscious mind is logical but critical and is dominant in language and speech. The right brain is associated with the subconscious mind that is non-judgmental, playful and excels in visual-motor tasks.
The use of a whole-brained approach is ideal for teenagers and young adults because the linkages in their brains are growing in dimension and density until the age of 25, along with the ability to use imagery and their imaginations, as was explored by Jay Giedd in a June 2015 Scientific American article titled, “The Amazing Teen Brain.” The applications to learning how to use both sides of the brain could be employed therapeutically with someone like Mazel-Carlton, who had perfect college entrance test scores in English and was known as a great storyteller by her younger siblings. These gifts could have been psychodynamically turned into writing a novel or acting on a stage where she vividly tells her stories, so we can all learn from her wisdom and courage.
Just imagine if someone is told over many years that they are ugly, or stupid, or crazy, or bad, what can occur in life with low self-esteem and feeling devalued and worthless? This is something to consider for all adults, parents, teachers, coaches, professionals, and others in authority. That is, what we say, do, feel, or project to young people can have a positive or negative impact on them.
The beauty of learning mental rehearsal—that has been shown scientifically in a September 2014 Headlines article in Scientific American titled, “Why Mental Rehearsals Work”—is using a natural process that is portable and affordable. It saves wear and tear on the physical body while empowering people to win.
Think of how this skill can be taught to teenagers before they are in seclusion rooms in ERs, to allow them the privilege of feeling joy and reaching their potential in life rather than ending it by suicide.
